B.A. in History (with great distinction, with Honors in Humanities), STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 1958.

Ph.D. (Doctorat de Recherches avec equivalence de these comp. Doctorat es Lettres), UNIVERSITE DE PARIS (Sorbonne), France, 1964.

Visiting Assistant Professor of History, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, 1964-66.

U.S. State Department Exchange Professor, LOVANIUM UNIVERSITY, Zaire, 1966-1968.

Professor of History, SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1968-1996.

Author of:

Leopold Sedar Senghor, An Intellectual Biography (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1972).

Numerous articles and book reviews in AFRICANA NEWSLETTER, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, RACE, BULLETIN OF THE AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION.

Publications:

"Leopold Senghor: A Prophet of the Twenty-first Century" in John Middleton, ed., The Encyclopedia of Sub-Saharan Africa (New York, Charles Scribner's Sons Reference Books, 1996.)

Review of Colonialism in the Congo Basin by Samuel Nelson, The International Journal of African Historical Studies Vol. 29, No. 2, 1996

Review of The Internationalization of Colonialism: Britain, France and Black Africa 1939-1956 by John Kent, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol 27, No. 3, 1994.

Review of Afrique Noire: Histoire et Civilisations XIXe at XXe Siecles by Elika M'Bokolo et. al., THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1994.

"Negritude and Global History" paper delivered at the World History Association, Second International Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 1993.

"Sembene, Sartre, and Multiculturalism" paper delivered at the San Francisco International Film Festival, Roundtable on "Ousmane Sembene, Militant Imagemaker," April 30, 1993. Delivered in presence of Ousmane Sembene, who received the Akira Kurosawa Award for his new African cinema endeavors.

Review of Britain, France and the New African States: A Study of Post Independence Relationships 1960-1985 by Charles O. Chikeka, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1993.

"Reaching Through Teaching: World Leaders are Guests in this Class" in INSIDE, Vol. 8, No. 3, March/April 1992.

"Leopold Sedar Senghor" in Leaders of the World edited by Deborah Klezmer (Waterford, Connecticut, Gale Research, 1992.)

"Leopold Senghor's Relevance to African Identity in the 1990's" paper delivered to the Stanford-U.C. Berkeley Joint Center for African Studies' Annual Spring Conference, Stanford University, April 20, 1991.

Review of The UNESCO General history of Africa. Volume VI: Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880's by J. F. Ade Ajayi, AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW, Vol. 34, No. 1, April 1991.

Review of The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume Seven: From 1905 to 1940 by A. D. Roberts, ed., THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1991.

Review of Black, French, and African by Janet Vaillant, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1991.

"The Relevance of Leopold Sedar Senghor to the 1990s: From Footnoted Biography to Screenplay" to be delivered at the African Studies Association annual meeting in Baltimore, November 1-4, 1990. Also, presenter and chair of the roundtable discussion on "How to Teach African History in the 1990's," Nov. 2, 1990. (Major revision of screenplay/documentary on the career of the poet/president of Senegal, Leopold Sedar Senghor, in progress.)

Review of France and Islam in West Africa, 1860-1960 by Christopher Harrison, AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW, 32 (3), December 1989.

"Is It Possible to be Bi-Cultural? An Exploration of the African Success Story of President Sedar Senghor of Senegal" delivered at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations, June 1, 1989.

Review of Histoire Generale de l'Afrique published by U.N.E.S.C.O., THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1988.

"The Teaching of Introductory African History Courses," delivered at the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast Branch, August 1988.

"History of Africa" and "The Birth of Civilization: Egyptian and African Contributions," in Daniel Smith, ed., African History. New York: Marcus Weiner Publishing, 1986.

"Differentiation Versus Integration: The Case of the Belgian Congo." Paper delivered at the 10th Annual Conference: Political Economy of the World System -- Rethinking the 19th Century, Contradictions and Movements. March 1986.

"Leopold Sedar Senghor: An Intellectual Biography," in Ali A. Mazrui and Toby Kleban Levine, eds., The Africans: A Reader. New York: Praeger, 1986. (This volume accompanied the PBS series "The Africans" as part of the telecourse financed by the Annenberg/CPB Collection.)

"The Ba-Kuba of Zaire: 1939-1985", THE GRIOT, Vol. 3, No. 2, Summer 1985.

Chair, Panel on AFRICAN SOCIALISM: HISTORICAL ROOTS AND VARIANTS, 75th Annual Meeting of the AHA/PCB.

"The European Sources of African Socialist Thought, 1930-1960", delivered at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast Branch.

Commentary on Pouvoirs: Revue Francaise d'Etudes Constitutionnelles et Politiques, "Les Pouvoirs Africains" Special Issue of THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1984.

Review of The Children of Woot: A History of the Kuba Peoples by Jan Vansina,THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol 17, No. 1, 1983.

Review of L'Appel a L'Afrique: Contributions et Reactions a L'Effort de Guerre en A.O.F. (1914-1919) by Marc Michel, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1982.

Review of The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo by Thomas Kanza, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1982.

MODERN EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM (THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE TO THE NON-WESTERN WORLD 1500-1988)
ANCIENT AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS
(Both of the above courses approved for the Segment II G.E. Program in Fall 1984.)
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (HOW TO WRITE HISTORY)
MODERN AFRICA (THE IMPACT OF THE WEST ON AFRICA; THE IMPACT OF AFRICA ON THE WORLD)
WORLD HISTORY
(Developed a series of lectures and exercises incorporating new perspectives on non-Western history)

Chair of the Curriculum Committee of the History Department, 1995-1996.
BSS representative to the Segment III: Relationships of Knowledge Committee for the General Edcuation Program as well as on the Academic Senate's Committee on Incorporating Multicultural Perspectives into the Curriculum, 1994-1996.
"Awakening to Africa in the 20th Century" paper and discussion to Phi Alpha Theta/History Students' Association, Fall Semester, 1994.
Chair of the Retention, Tenure , Promotions Committee of the History Department, 1992-1994
Faculty Advisor to the History Students' Honor Society Chapter at S.F. State PHI ALPHA THETA, 1974-1996. Chapter won Special Commendation in 1995 "Best Chapter Award Program".
Faculty Advisor to the History Students Association, (HSA), 1984-1996.
Member Ad Hoc BSS General Education Planning Committee led by DeVere Pentony, 1980-1982.
Elected to Grievance Panel, 1982-1985.
Member of the Tenure Review Committee of the History Department, 1983-1984.
Speaker, Phi Beta Kappa Initiation Ceremony, May 1986.
Elected to the Curriculum Committee of the History Department, 1984-1988, 1990-1992, 1995-1998.
Member, SFSU Week Steering Committee, representing BSS, 1985-1986.
President of the S.F. State Chapter of PHI BETA KAPPA, 1985-1989. Secretary of the Chapter 1990-1996.
Elected Behavioral and Social Sciences Representative to the General Education Segment III Committee, 1986-1989, 1989-1992, 1992-1995, 1995-1998.
Recipient, Sabbatical Leave Award, Spring 1988.

"Great Zimbabwe: Myths and Realities" paper delivered at the Chapungu Gallery in conjunction with the opening of an African Art Exhibit, September, 21, 1995.

Juror for articles proposed to COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN SOCIETY AND HISTORY. Commentary on Michael Lambert's manuscript "From Citizenship to Negritude: 'Making a Difference' in Elite Ideologies of Colonized Francophone West Africa," May 1992.

Lecturer at the California History/Social Science Project Institute, June 1992: "How to Teach about West African History."

Lecturer at the First Anniversary Celebration of the Ethiopian Observer New College of California, May 11, 1991. "African Ideology in Post Independence Settings."

Workshop Leader and lecturer for the African Focus Weekend, Santa Rosa Junior College. Weekend sponsored by the United Nations and the Africa Office of the Y.M.C.A. "Politics in Africa: Colonialism to the Present." September 28, 1991.

Member, Steering Committee for Bay Area Africa Focus Weeks, 1989-1992.

Chair and Host, National History Day High School Competition, 1980, 1986.

Coordinator, Northern California Young Historians Conference, 1987.

Participant in THE CLIO PROJECT (History in the Public Schools: What Shall We Teach?) at the University of California, Berkeley, August 1984. (Sponsored by the California State Department of Education.)

Member of the Community History Project Advisory Committee, 1984.

Member of the Lindblad African Expedition during the Summer of 1984. (I served with Robert Drewes, Chair of the Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences; Thomas Seligman, Deputy Director of the San Francisco Fine Arts Museums; Judith Levine, Associate Professor of African Anthropology, Brandeis University.)

Judge, National Forensic League District Championship Tournaments, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993.

Fellow, African Studies Association.

Member, World History Association.

Member, American Historical Association.

Member, History Day Award Committee of Phi Alpha Theta International Council 1987-1989.

Member, World Affairs Council of Northern California.

Member, Board of Directors, Lowell High School Alumni Association.

Speaker, Commonwealth Club of California, "The Origins of the African Revolution", Nov. 14, 1985.

Speaker, University of California Extension Center for Learning in Retirement, "The Modern Evolution of French-speaking Africa," Jan. 29, 1988.

Speaker, Commonwealth Club of California, "Civilizations in Conflict: The Impact of Europe on Modern Africa," Oct. 27, 1988.

Speaker, Commonwealth Club of California, "Africa in the 1990's:Lessons from the Past," May 17, 1990.

Speaker, World Affairs Council of Northern California, "African Literature: The Poetry of Negritude", July 19, 1990.

Paper delivered at the African Studies Association annual meeting in Baltimore, Maryland. "The Relevance of Leopold Sedar Senghor to the 1990s: From Footnoted Biography to Screenplay, Nov. 1, 1990.

Chair of Roundtable discussion at the African Studies Association annual meeting in Baltimore, Maryland. "How to Teach African History in the 1990s", Nov. 2, 1990.